The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. , PSRs provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. Overall, over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned in the matched cohort had SEN without a statement, 61% for young females and 60% for young males. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. The overall level of concordance between sentences proposed and sentences given (excluding Other) has fallen from 74% in 2017 to 68% in 2018 and was 60% in 2019. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. Until the statistics tell us that more than 4 percent of divorced fathers are seeking custody through the Family Court system, there are few men who have such experience and proof of a true "gender bias." Well send you a link to a feedback form. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. Consistently, White females and males had the shortest ACSL while Asian females and males had the longest ACSL for indictable offences in 2019 at 20.8 months and 28.4 months, respectively. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. In 2019/20, sexual assault towards females within the last year were over 4 times higher than towards males. If there is conviction information available, the suspect with the longest sentence/most serious conviction is determined as the principal suspect. , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. A huge 40% of married American households feature a woman who is a primary breadwinner, but only 3% of American spousal support arrangements are paid to ex-husbands. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. Among children aged 6 and under, only 18 percent were in the sole custody of their fathers or in joint custody. , Personal crimes are those against an individual that relate to the respondents own personal experience rather than others in the household. Youth Custody Report for November 2013 published. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: (Michon, 2021) . In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. See technical guide for more information. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. Figure 5.06: Remand status at magistrates courts, by sex, 2015 to 2019. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. , Guidance to National Probation Service staff on proposing suspended sentence orders (SSO) changed in 2018, which led to substantial drops in the numbers of SSOs proposed in 2018 and 2019 resulting in volumes too low for a robust comparison. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. In 2019, 43% of all PSRs were written, fast delivery PSRs[footnote 52] (females 39%, males 44%). Well send you a link to a feedback form. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. Time Method View help for Time Method Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. (2020). Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. The figure was higher for custodial fathers at 54.6%. A greater proportion of female offenders are sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males). Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. Drunkenness in charge of a child females made up 67% of the 162 convictions, up 6 pp from 2015. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. Figure 5.04: Proportion of the defendants brought to magistrates court by prosecuting authority and sex, 2019. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. , Only two sentence length categories have been used for analysis of the MoJ-DfE data due to small volumes when the data is broken down. Youth custody report for April 2015 published. In 2018/19, 671 individuals were victims of homicide in England and Wales; 64% of which were males and 36%, females (Figure 3.03). Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. Youth custody data for June 2017 published. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. , Other demographic data, such as age and ethnicity, are available in the Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner[footnote 21], whereas when the victim was male, only 9% of cases suspected the partner/ex-partner. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. In the latest year, a higher proportion of females were issued PNDs for theft (retail under 100) compared to males, whereas males were more often issued PNDs for possession of cannabis compared to females (see Figure 4.04). , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. However, these data have been extracted from large administrative and survey data systems generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. Senior police officers increased their female representation to 27% in 2020, from 23% five years ago. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation.] In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. Youth custody report for September 2015 published. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. In 2019, over half (55%) of the prosecutions for female defendants were for summary non-motoring offences, compared to under a third (29%) of male defendants. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. The age distribution of female and male defendants is broadly similar. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. These figures had also reduced significantly from the previous year (males: 13.8%; females: 7.1%). , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. June 28, 2018. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. Youth custody report: September 2017 published. in the 14 years to March 2019, the number of young people in youth custody went down in every ethnic group. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. Of the cases where the sex of the individual being detained was recorded, 45% were female and 55% were male. 5. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. (US Census Bureau, Statista) Since 2015, the ACSL for indictable offences has risen for both male and female offenders from all ethnic groups[footnote 76]. This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of females who come into contact with it. In 2017, the national average paid in child support to custodial parents amounted to $3,431 per year. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. In 2019, 50% of female offenders who were sentenced to custody received sentences of up to and including 3 months, compared to 31% of males and these proportions have been decreasing for both female and male offenders over the last 5 years. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and Therefore, Figure 3.01 refers to the previous year, 2018/19. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. , Self-declared from HR records, for serving magistrates, as at 1 April 2020. GillespieShields. Report and data for December 2017 published. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. You can change your cookie settings at any time. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). Of all ethnic groups, both White female and White male offenders had the highest conviction ratios[footnote 72] for indictable offences at 84% and 85%, respectively, a trend that has remained broadly stable since 2015. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). According to the Pew Research study, when fathers and children live separately 22% of fathers see their children more than once a week. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. Males were serving longer custodial sentence lengths. , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. Overall personal crime rates decreased significantly between 2018/19 and 2019/20. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Figure 5.10: Proportion of offenders sentenced, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentencing outcomes for indictable offences. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). Figure 3.03: Number of homicide offences currently recorded by the police, by sex of victim, 2008/09 to 2018/19. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women.